8^th World Congress on Biopolymers & Bioplastics June 28-29, 2018 Golden Tulip Berlin – Hotel Hamburg

Alexey Nazarov is the designer of SLS/SLM equipment, engineer of the Laboratory of Innovative Additive Technologies of MSTU \"STANKIN\", Moscow.

Very interesting are the parts manufactured by the selective laser sintering (SLS) technology from some types of powders\r\nbased on polyetheretherketone (PEEK). They have high strength values of up to 95 MPa (vs. 45 MPa for conventional\r\npolyamides) and Young’s modulus of up to 4400 MPa (vs. 1500 MPa for conventional polyamides), have high heat resistance\r\n(maintenance of physical and mechanical properties during short-term exposure to temperatures up to 310 °C and long-term\r\nexposure to temperatures of 260°C), as well as excellent biocompatibility and insulating (dielectric) properties. A set of these\r\nproperties in combination with the capabilities of the SLS method allows creating unique parts. These parts are increasingly\r\nused in the aerospace industry, medicine, and motorsport. We present the original design of the SLS facility (hereinafter\r\nreferred to as SLS-machine), which uses PEEK. The SLS machine includes the following main units, systems and parts (Fig. 1):\r\n1-lower transition table vertical drive, 2-lower transition table bracket; 3-lower transition table cooled rod; 4-lower transition\r\ntable (has the ability to automatically engage with and disengage from the building platform); 5-building platform; 6-building\r\nplatform heating system; 7-recoater; 8-double knife; 9-recoater drive; 10-airtight casing of recoater; 11-laser-optical unit;\r\n12-laser-optical unit frame; 13-ring of laser-optical unit; 14-ZnSe-glass; 15-powder depositing main plate; 16-main plate\r\nframe; 17-main frame of the SLS machine; 18-airtight inner chamber; 19-top heaters; 20-pyrometer; 21-illumination lamp;\r\n22-protective external chamber; 23-external chamber frame; 24-changeable frame; 25-changeable frame heating system;\r\n26-changeable frame clamping device; 27-double-protective door; 28-left powder delivery hopper; 29-left powder delivery\r\nhopper clamping device; 30-right powder delivery hopper; 31-right powder delivery hopper clamping device; 32-left powder\r\ncollection hopper; 33-left powder collection hopper clamping device; 34-right powder collection hopper; 35-right powder\r\ncollection hopper clamping device; 36-air-gas system; 37-electric control device; 38-thermocouple.\r\nFigure 1: Design of the SLS machine (described in the text): a-general view, b-longitudinal section (axonometry), c-cross-section (axonometry)

Nereida Cordeiro is an Associated Professor of Chemistry in the Faculty of Sciences and Engineering of the University of Madeira. She holds a degree in Analytical\r\nChemistry (University of Aveiro) and PhD in Chemistry (University of Aveiro). Her main research interests are in Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, with focus\r\non biomaterials and biotechnology. She authored more than 70 scientific publications in international journals.\r\nncordeiro@staff.uma.pt

Human consumerism gave rise to a sea filled with plastic debris resistant to degradation, and with increasing\r\naccumulation in the marine environment. Nano (0.1 μm) and micro‐plastics (0.1 μm ‐ 0.5 mm) are of particular\r\nconcern because they can be eaten by marine life and enter the food chain. Plastics particles have been found\r\nthroughout the ocean, from the surface to sediment on the seabed. However, plastic concentrations at the surface of the\r\nocean were lower than expected, leading to think on a deposition of plastics from the surface to deeper layers of the\r\nocean. To understand the plastics particles bioavailability to marine organisms as well as their fate in the water column,\r\nit is essential to investigate their interactions with phytoplankton. Microalgae display sticky substances that can form\r\naggregates which can retain plastic particles. This work was focused to answer the question: Does the phytoplankton\r\naggregate plastics and transport them to the seabed? Thus, the microalgae potential to form hetero‐aggregates with\r\nplastic particles, was studied. Factors as the microalgae species, and their physiological status, the plastic particles type and\r\nsize, were also analysed. Microalgae were exposed to nano and micro‐plastics during their growth culture cycles and\r\nhetero‐aggregates (a gel‐like structure) constituted of microalgae, microplastics and exopolymers were formed. The\r\neffects of nano and micro‐plastics were determined on microalgal physiology in terms of growth and chlorophyll fluorescence.\r\nThe hetero‐aggregate pores structure, composition and the density were determined. Overall, the results highlight the\r\npotential of the exopolymers to interact with plastic particles, and the hetero‐aggregates importance for the plastics vertical\r\ntransport from the water surface to the sediment.

Nereida Cordeiro is an Associated Professor of Chemistry in the Faculty of Sciences and Engineering of the University of Madeira. She holds a degree in Analytical\r\nChemistry (University of Aveiro) and PhD in Chemistry (University of Aveiro). Her main research interests are in Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, with focus\r\non biomaterials and biotechnology. She authored more than 70 scientific publications in international journals.\r\nncordeiro@staff.uma.pt

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been a subject of much recent research, not only for its environmental friendly synthesis\r\n(biocompatible and biodegradable), but also for its high potential in areas such as biomedicine. BC possesses a unique\r\nand sophisticated 3D porous network with high crystallinity (up to 80%), with high degree of polymerization (up to 8000),\r\nhigh water content capacity (up to 99%), good biocompatibility, high hydrophilicity and no toxicity. The BC synthesis result\r\nis an overlapping nanofibrous membrane, whose porosity depends on the different cellulose producing bacteria and the used\r\nproduction conditions, such as the synthesis medium, temperature, pH, stirring or oxygen content, and also but not less\r\nimportant, on the drying technique used. The ambition to bring something new to science and the possibility to improve\r\nhuman lifestyle make our working group to go further and promote an association between BC and microalgae. In order to\r\npromote an association between BC and microalgae BC reception capacity of a microalga and the viability of the association\r\nitself were studied. Another target of our investigation was to test photosynthetic microalgae with relevant levels of oxygen\r\nrelease. Not only microalgal survival in the membrane was tested, but also the components liberation from the nanocomposites\r\nfor the treatment of wounds (e.g. oxygen, an important angiogenesis factor). The results were promising and open a new\r\nwindow to BC applications in fields until now not explored.

Nereida Cordeiro is an Associated Professor of Chemistry in the Faculty of Sciences and Engineering of the University of Madeira. She holds a degree in Analytical\r\nChemistry (University of Aveiro) and PhD in Chemistry (University of Aveiro). Her main research interests are in Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, with focus\r\non biomaterials and biotechnology. She authored more than 70 scientific publications in international journals.\r\nncordeiro@staff.uma.pt

In the face of the outstanding properties presented by microbial cellulose (MC), for specific applications it is necessary to\r\nmodify its surface properties. The present study reports a simple method for the surface properties modification, by the\r\nalteration of the carbon sources in the MC biosynthesis process. Different MC biosynthesis conditions allows to obtain films\r\nwith different properties. Date syrup, mannitol, sucrose and food‐grade sucrose were the four carbon sources added in the\r\nMC biosynthesis besides conventional source ‐ glucose. The assessment of the changes and influence of these carbon sources\r\nin the surface properties of MC were investigated through IGC. The date syrup sources give rise to MC with smaller surface\r\nareas ( = 4.04 m2/g), turns the microporous MC membrane more hydrophobic ( = 45.79 mJ/m2) and with more polar and\r\nbasic character. By other hand, sucrose food‐grade presented smaller BC production yield (37% less) and the obtained BC\r\npresented more reticulation and crystalline structures (76.2 to 82.3%) with higher ⁄ ratios and a surface more dependent to the\r\ntemperature. So, the use of alternative sources of carbon for the MC production is viable, increasing the yield and can be used\r\nto modify the BC surface properties in order to achieve desire specific/field applications.\r\nFigure 1: Design of the SLS machine (described in the text): a-general view, b-longitudinal section (axonometry), c-cross-section (axonometry)

Nereida Cordeiro is an Associated Professor of Chemistry in the Faculty of Sciences and Engineering of the University of Madeira. She holds a degree in Analytical\r\nChemistry (University of Aveiro) and PhD in Chemistry (University of Aveiro). Her main research interests are in Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, with focus\r\non biomaterials and biotechnology. She authored more than 70 scientific publications in international journals.\r\nncordeiro@staff.uma.pt

Bacterial cellulose/polyaniline (BC/PANi) nanocomposites have greatly attracted the scientific community due to the\r\nincreasing demand of the development of novel electronic devices and sensors that can be applied in several areas such\r\nas medicine and electronics. The current study evaluates the impact of using different BC matrixes (drained, freeze‐dried and\r\nregenerated) and different synthesis conditions (in situ and ex situ) to improve the inherent properties of BC, which were\r\nmonitored through FTIR‐ATR, EDX, XRD, SEM, AFM, swelling, contact angle measurement and IGC. The employment of\r\nin situ polymerization onto drained BC presented as the most effective method to obtain the most conductive membrane.\r\nMoreover, through the incorporation of PANi onto the different BC matrixes, the overall properties were significantly changed.\r\nThe increased up to 150%, indicating a more reactive surface. Also, a loss of porosity (up to 85%) on the nanocomposites is\r\nobserved due to the pore obstruction resulted from the introduction of PANi. Regarding the different BC matrixes used, the\r\nfreeze‐dried BC/PANi nanocomposites presented the highest crystallinity (up to 53.7%) and swelling capacity (up to 413.6%).\r\nHence, this work evidenced that the final properties of the BC/PANi blends are greatly influenced by both the BC matrixes and\r\nsynthesis methods employed, highlighting IGC as the most versatile technique to evaluate the physico‐chemical changes upon\r\ndifferent BC modifications.\r\nFigure 1: Design of the SLS machine (described in the text): a-general view, b-longitudinal section (axonometry), c-cross-section (axonometry)